Selecting Reliable Models for Total Maximum Daily Load Development: Holistic Protocol

Establishment of an Effective Total Maximum Daily Load Through Reliable Water Quality Data

A Benefit-cost Analysis of Total Maximum Daily Load Implementation

Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) implementation generates benefits and costs from water quality improvements, which are rarely quantified. This analysis examines a TMDL written to address bacteria and aquatic-life-use impairments on Abrams and Opequon Creeks in Virginia. Benefits were estimated using a contingent valuation survey of local residents. Costs were based on the number and type of bes...

An ecological function and services approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) prioritization.

Prioritizing total maximum daily load (TMDL) development starts by considering the scope and severity of water pollution and risks to public health and aquatic life. Methodology using quantitative assessments of in-stream water quality is appropriate and effective for point source (PS) dominated discharge, but less so in watersheds with mostly nonpoint source (NPS) related impairments. For NPSs...

Routine Offered Protocol is not reliable for Thrombophlebitis Prevention

Background: Intravenous catheterization is a routine technique in medical centers which can cause diverse problems such as thrombophlebitis. Objective: This study aimed to resolve replacement scheduling and proper cannula diameter and position issues for intravenous catheters. Methods: In this 2015 experimental cohort study, 232 hos...

Characterizing Point Source Phosphorus for the lower Boise River Total Maximum Daily Load and Aquatox Water Quality Modeling

Accurately characterizing point source phosphorus and communicating that description is a critically important step in the development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) and the supporting water quality modeling. This is particularly critical for low phosphorus targets, which result in small wasteload allocations. Small wasteload allocations mean point sources must spend millions of dollars i...